{"id":7619,"date":"2022-07-20T11:07:52","date_gmt":"2022-07-20T11:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/?p=7619"},"modified":"2022-08-20T17:09:07","modified_gmt":"2022-08-20T17:09:07","slug":"gram-positive-bacteria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/gram-positive-bacteria\/","title":{"rendered":"Gram-Positive Bacteria: Characteristics, List, Cell wall composition, Classification, and Antibiotics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Gram-positive bacteria are present everywhere, but the hospitalized patients have a potential threat because of their weak immune system. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gram-positive bacteria give positive results on the<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/gram-staining-principle-procedure-interpretation-and-animation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Gram stain technique<\/a><\/strong>, hence named gram-positive bacteria. <\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:#ecf2f7;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:#ecf2f7;}<\/style>\n\n\n<p>These bacteria retain the crystal violet dye and appear purple-colored when viewed under a microscope on a Gram stain test.<em> Mycobacterium, Streptococci, Staphylococci, and Nocardia <\/em>are some examples of gram-positive bacteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Gram-positive bacteria generally have the following characteristics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Gram-positive bacteria have thick peptidoglycan layer\u00a0<\/li><li>Gram-positive bacteria don\u2019t have an outer membrane<\/li><li>These have cytoplasmic lipid membrane<\/li><li>Gram-positive bacteria have more teichoic acids and low lipids<\/li><li>These have cilia and flagella which helps in locomotion<\/li><li>These have a much smaller volume of periplasm <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/differences-between-gram-positive-and-gram-negative-bacteria\/\">than that in gram-negative bacteria<\/a><\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cell wall composition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is a complex structure that consists of a thick peptidoglycan layer. This layer of peptidoglycan surrounds the cytoplasmic membrane. It includes teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and proteins.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gram-positive-bacteria-structure-cell-wall-image.jpg\" alt=\"gram positive bacteria structure cell wall image\" class=\"wp-image-7656\" width=\"758\" height=\"494\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gram-positive-bacteria-structure-cell-wall-image.jpg 758w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gram-positive-bacteria-structure-cell-wall-image-300x196.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\" \/><figcaption><strong>Figure 1: Gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Peptidoglycan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Peptidoglycan is the main component of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls. It is a permeable and cross-linked organic polymer composed of peptidic and glycan chains. The glycan chains are alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid linked through \u03b2-1,4 bonds. Peptidic chains are linked to the lactyl group through a covalent bond. Peptidoglycan provides the shape and strength to the cell wall and protects the cell from the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teichoic acid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Teichcoic acid is an anionic polymer made of the repeating units of alditol-phosphate. Teichoic acid plays an essential role in cell wall functionality. It helps control autolysins. It also helps maintain bacterial cell morphology, recognize bacteriophages, and interact with the host immune system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Polysaccharides<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gram-positive bacterial cell walls also have polysaccharides in their cell wall. The three main groups are exopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, and cell wall polysaccharides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Classification<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>There are two main types of Gram-positive bacteria; cocci and bacilli (rods). <\/li><li>The cocci are oval or spherical in shape. <\/li><li>These have further arrangements like diplococci, streptococci, staphylococci, tetrads, and sarcina. The bacilli are rod-shaped bacteria and are found as diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and coccobacillus.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gram positive bacteria list <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gram-positive-bacteria-list-2-1024x701.jpg\" alt=\"gram positive bacteria flow chart list\" class=\"wp-image-7743\" width=\"698\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gram-positive-bacteria-list-2-1024x701.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gram-positive-bacteria-list-2-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gram-positive-bacteria-list-2-768x526.jpg 768w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/gram-positive-bacteria-list-2.jpg 1053w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/><figcaption>Gram positive bacteria list<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Differences between cocci and bacilli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The differences between cocci and bacilli are following<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-rods-and-gram-stain-positive-cocci-image.jpg\" alt=\"microscopic view of the grams-stain positive rods and gram stain positive cocci image\" class=\"wp-image-7693\" width=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-rods-and-gram-stain-positive-cocci-image.jpg 1063w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-rods-and-gram-stain-positive-cocci-image-300x141.jpg 300w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-rods-and-gram-stain-positive-cocci-image-1024x483.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-rods-and-gram-stain-positive-cocci-image-768x362.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1063px) 100vw, 1063px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Cocci<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Bacilli<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>These are either spherical, oval, or kidney-shaped&nbsp;<\/td><td>These are either rod, vibrio, or spindle-shaped<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>One axis of bacterium is same as the other<\/td><td>One axis of bacterium is longer than the other&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Both Gram-positive and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/gram-negative-bacteria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gram-negative<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Mostly Gram-positive<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mostly anaerobe<\/td><td>Either aerobe or anaerobe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Examples<\/strong> are <em>Neisseria, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus,<\/em> etc<\/td><td><strong>Examples<\/strong> are<em> Clostridium, Nocardia, Escherichia,<\/em> etc<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gram-positive cocci<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bacterium that is spherical, ovoid or round-shaped is called coccus. Diplococci is a pair of cocci and streptococci is a chain of cocci. Staphylococci are Irregular clusters of cocci and four cocci arranged in the same plane are called tetrad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sarcina is the cuboidal arrangement of eight cocci. Gram-positive cocci are divided into; staphylococci and streptococci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"415\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-cocci-image.jpg\" alt=\"microscopic view of the grams-stain positive cocci image\" class=\"wp-image-7691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-cocci-image.jpg 500w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-cocci-image-300x249.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption>Image : Gram-stain positive<strong><em> cocci <\/em><\/strong><br>Image Source: Wikimedia CC<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Staphylococci bacteria are divided into coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative species. Staph aureus is an example of a coagulase-positive organism. Staph epidermidis and Staph saprophyticus are coagulase-negative pathogens.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Streptococci bacteria are further divided into Strep. pyogenes (also called Group A), Strep. agalactiae (also called Group B), enterococci (also called Group D), Strep pneumonia, and Strep viridans.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gram-positive bacilli (rods)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Gram-positive bacilli are rod-shaped and mostly arranged as a single bacterium. Vibrio is a single curved rod. If the two bacilli are arranged side by side, these are called diplobacilli. Streptobacilli are the chains of bacteria and Coccobacillus is a short rod-shaped bacteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"476\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-rods-image.jpg\" alt=\"microscopic view of the grams-stain positive rods image\" class=\"wp-image-7692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-rods-image.jpg 500w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/microscopic-view-of-the-grams-stain-positive-rods-image-300x286.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption>Image : Gram-stain positive<strong><em> Rods<\/em><\/strong><br>Image Source: Wikimedia CC<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It is divided according to their ability to produce spores. <\/li><li><em>Bacillus<\/em> and <em>Clostridia<\/em> are grouped as spore-forming bacilli (rods), while <em>Listeria <\/em>and <em>Corynebacterium<\/em> don\u2019t form spores. <\/li><li>The spores produced by the spore-forming rods can survive in the environment for many years.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Gram-positive bacteria are among the most common infectious causes. The clinical conditions may range from mild skin to sepsis. Several antibiotics exist for treating the disorders caused by these bacteria.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Penicillin, cloxacillin, and erythromycin cover almost 90 % of Gram-positive infections.<\/li><li>Quinupristin\/dalfopristin and linezolid are effective against some strains of gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to vancomycin.<\/li><li>Vancomycin and teicoplanin are glycopeptides. These are bactericidal antibiotics with activity against Gram-positive bacteria only. These are used for the treatment of SSTIs.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Daptomycin is a broadspectrum cyclic lipopeptide. It is active against Gram-positive bacteria, including GRE and MRSA. Daptomycin is being used for SSTIs, right-sided infective endocarditis, and bacteremia secondary to S.aureus.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole are novel fifth-generation cephalosporins with a unique bactericidal activity spectrum. Ceftaroline is being used to treat complicated SSTIs and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936305385\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q1. What is Gram Staining?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Gram staining is a widely used standard procedure in microbiology. It is used to classify the bacteria according to their cell wall composition. <br \/>The Danish Bacteriologist, Hans Christian Gram, developed this technique in 1884. He devised a method to identify whether or not a bacteria had a peptidoglycan wall. <br \/>This technique classifies the bacteria into two major groups; Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-staining is also a valuable diagnostic tool in both clinical and research settings.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936328278\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q2. How is Gram-staining performed?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Gram-staining is a test to classify the bacteria. It identifies whether bacteria have a peptidoglycan layer or not. We have to introduce a dye to bacteria. If bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, it absorbs the stain and turns purple-color. And we can say that it&#8217;s positive for peptidoglycan. If it&#8217;s not turned into purple color, the test is negative for peptidoglycan.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936368797\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.3 What is the use of Gram-staining?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The technique is widely used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It classifies the bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936379237\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.4 What are the specimens used for Gram-staining?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The specimens used for this technique follow<br \/>1. Blood<br \/>2. Tissue<br \/>3. Stool<br \/>4. Urine<br \/>5. Sputum<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936447270\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.5 Define resident flora?\u00a0<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The microorganisms living harmlessly on the body are called resident flora.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936463635\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.6 What is a peptidoglycan wall?\u00a0<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Bacterial cells are enclosed by a peptidoglycan wall, a mesh-like layer of sugars and amino acids. This mesh-like structure is semi-permeable.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936476840\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.7 What is the importance of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The outer layer of bacteria is essential because<br \/>1. This mesh-like structure protects the cellular contents from external environmental factors.\u00a0<br \/>2. It also maintains cell shape and integrity during growth and division.<br \/>3. Maintains the inside pressure of the bacterial cell.\u00a0<br \/>4. Permeable to small molecules and maintains cellular metabolism.<br \/>5. It prevents larger and potentially toxic substances from entering the cell.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936533477\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.8 Do Gram-positive bacteria have capsule?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The bacterial capsule is mostly made of polysaccharides. It can be found in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936550231\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.9 What is the difference between Staphylococci and Streptococci?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p><strong>Staphylococci<\/strong><br \/>1. These are catalase-positive.<br \/>2. Grows in clusters.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Streptococci<\/strong><br \/>1. These are catalase-negative.<br \/>2. Grows in chains.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936647929\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.10 Is <em>E.coli<\/em> a Gram-positive bacteria?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No, <em>E.coli<\/em> is a Gram-negative bacteria.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936667237\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.11 What are the examples of Gram-positive bacilli (rods)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Examples of Gram-positive bacilli are<em> Corneybacterium, Listeria, Nocardia<\/em>, etc.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936680119\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.12 What are the examples of Gram-positive cocci?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The examples of Gram-positive cocci are <em>Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes, S. pneumoniae,<\/em> etc.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1647936706629\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q.13 Which antibiotic is effective for Gram-positive bacteria?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The antibiotics effective against the Gram-positive bacteria are penicillin, cloxacillin, and erythromycin cover almost 90 % of Gram-positive infections. Others are quinupristin\/dalfopristin, linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin, etc.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><em>Sizar O, Unakal CG. Gram-Positive Bacteria. [Updated 2022 Feb 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-.<\/em><\/li><li><em>A. (2021, March 22). General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) Guidelines BYJU\u2019S. BYJUS. https:\/\/byjus.com\/biology\/gram-positive-bacteria\/<\/em><\/li><li><em>Chapot-Chartier, MP., Kulakauskas, S. Cell wall structure, and function in lactic acid bacteria. Microb Cell Fact 13, S9 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2859-13-S1-S9<\/em><\/li><li><em>Bruslind, L. (2019, August 1). Bacteria: Cell Walls \u2013 General Microbiology. Pressbooks. https:\/\/open.oregonstate.education\/generalmicrobiology\/chapter\/bacteria-cell-walls\/<\/em><\/li><li><em>Antimicrobial therapies for Gram-positive infections. (2021, February 12). The Pharmaceutical Journal. https:\/\/pharmaceutical-journal.com\/article\/research\/antimicrobial-therapies-for-gram-positive-infections<\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gram-positive bacteria are present everywhere, but the hospitalized patients have a potential threat because of their weak immune system. Gram-positive bacteria give positive results on the Gram stain technique, hence named gram-positive bacteria. These bacteria retain the crystal violet dye and appear purple-colored when viewed under a microscope on a Gram stain test. Mycobacterium, Streptococci,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7692,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7619"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7619"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7619\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7619"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7619"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7619"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}