{"id":6884,"date":"2022-10-04T07:46:49","date_gmt":"2022-10-04T07:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/?p=6884"},"modified":"2022-10-04T07:46:52","modified_gmt":"2022-10-04T07:46:52","slug":"vesicles-in-the-cell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/vesicles-in-the-cell\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesicles in the Cell"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Vesicles are small sacs like a bubble that contains material that is further transported to different parts of the cells and outside the cell. They perform various functions that are important for the survival of the cells. Vesicles are present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:#ecf2f7;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:#ecf2f7;}<\/style>\n\n\n<p>These structures mostly originate from the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, and in some cells, endocytosis of cell membrane forms these tiny structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"structures-of-vesicles\">Structures of vesicles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vesicles contain two types of materials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Fluids<\/li><li>Gases<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The material is enclosed within the membrane composed of phospholipids. The hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails are arranged to form a lipid bilayer. It makes it easy for them to cross other cell membranes for a smooth transportation process.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"747\" height=\"656\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/vesicles-with-Hydrophobic-region-Hydrophilic-Region-Lipopolysaccharides-in-3d-image.jpg\" alt=\"vesicles with Hydrophobic region, Hydrophilic Region, Lipopolysaccharides in 3d image\" class=\"wp-image-7156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/vesicles-with-Hydrophobic-region-Hydrophilic-Region-Lipopolysaccharides-in-3d-image.jpg 747w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/vesicles-with-Hydrophobic-region-Hydrophilic-Region-Lipopolysaccharides-in-3d-image-300x263.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 747px) 100vw, 747px\" \/><figcaption><strong><em>Image: The basic structure of a vesicle<\/em><\/strong><br>Image created with the help of biorender.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"functions-of-the-vesicles\">Functions of the vesicles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Different types of vesicles perform different functions for the survival of the cells. The most important function is removing the waste material from the cells. Sometimes some toxic substances accumulate in the cell. It is, therefore, necessary for their removal, or it may lead to cell death.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some of the vesicles, like lysosomes, are important for their phagocytic activity to remove dead or worn-out cells from the body of organisms. The major material transported by the cells include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Proteins<\/li><li>Waste material<\/li><li>Gases<\/li><li>Hormones<\/li><li>Enzymes<\/li><li>Neurotransmitters<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These materials are essential for different human body systems like the digestive and nervous systems, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vesicles-vs-vacuoles\">Vesicles vs Vacuoles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The vesicles are usually confused with the vacuoles that are other structures present in the cell. Both of them are involved in the storage and transport of substances. The main difference between these two is their size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The vacuoles are larger than the vesicles. The membrane of vesicles can diffuse with the membranes of other structures within the cell to accomplish their function. On the other hand, vacuoles are unable to do so. Vacuoles are just considered as a type of vesicle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-vesicles\">Types of Vesicles&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vesicles have many types based on their function and the location where their function is needed. These are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transport-vesicles\">Transport vesicles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Transport vesicles transport material like proteins etc., to various cell parts. Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell that are either present in a free state in the cytoplasm or fixed state as being attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These proteins are needed in all parts of the cell. Transport vesicles carry them from there to the Golgi apparatus for further modification. Then, they are transported to their needed place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"secretory-vesicles\">Secretory vesicles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Secretory vesicles transport materials like waste products and hormones outside the cells. They are essential for disposing of toxic substances. They play an important role in the coordination of different body cells. The types of secretory vesicles are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"synaptic-vesicles\">Synaptic vesicles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Synaptic vesicles are located at neurons on their presynaptic portions. Their function is the storage and transmission of neurotransmitters. A signal is received quickly diffuses with the cell membrane and presents the neurotransmitter to the receptor molecules on the other nerve cell for detection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hormone-containing-vesicles\">Hormone containing vesicles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hormones are produced within the different structures of the cell that are stored in the secretory vesicles and secreted to other structures. For example, many protein digestive enzymes are transported to the stomach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"membrane-vesicles\">Membrane vesicles<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Membrane vesicles (MVs) are released mainly by prokaryotes, fungi, and other parasitic organisms. These structures contain toxic substances or signal molecules. They provide pathogenicity to the cells and protect them from the host immune responses. These toxic substances can also kill other microbes around.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"585\" height=\"520\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Secretory-Vesicle-in-a-Cell-image.jpg\" alt=\"Secretory Vesicle in a Cell image\" class=\"wp-image-7157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Secretory-Vesicle-in-a-Cell-image.jpg 585w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Secretory-Vesicle-in-a-Cell-image-300x267.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><figcaption><strong><em>Image: Secretory vesicles in a cell<\/em><\/strong><br>Image created with Biorender.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"vacuoles\">Vacuoles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Vacuoles are present in just eukaryotic cells for the osmotic balance of their cells. A large central vacuole is present in the plants that keep the cell turgid. <\/li><li>In animals, many vacuoles are present. They store fluids, mainly water, and some nutrients.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In freshwater organisms, contractile vacuoles collect extra liquid and nitrogenous water from the protoplasm and secrete them outside the cell to prevent the bursting of the cells.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lysosomes\">Lysosomes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Lysosomes are involved in the accomplishment of the digestion process through phagocytosis and utilization of food particles in the cell. Endocytosis facilitates the formation of food vacuole to carry food particles inside the cell.<\/li><li>Lysosomes, containing digestive enzymes, fuse with them and digest the food particle to the form usable by the cell.<\/li><li>The essential function of lysosomes is autophagy. Autophagy is the destruction of old and damaged cell structures. Lysosomes fuse with these structures and digest them using different enzymes.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"443\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Structure-and-function-of-Lysosome-image.jpg\" alt=\"Structure and function of Lysosome image\" class=\"wp-image-7160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Structure-and-function-of-Lysosome-image.jpg 468w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Structure-and-function-of-Lysosome-image-300x284.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><figcaption><strong><em>Image: Structure and function of Lysosome image<\/em><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"peroxisomes\">Peroxisomes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Peroxisomes are called so because of the hydrogen peroxidase production due to the breakdown of different substances like fatty acids and amino acids. <\/li><li>They contain more than 40 enzymes involved in different biochemical processes.<\/li><li>The hydrogen peroxide produced in the peroxisomes is toxic. So, it is necessary to convert it into a less toxic form. <\/li><li>The peroxisomes also contain a catalase enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen molecules.&nbsp;<\/li><li>One amazing feature of peroxisomes is their self-replicating ability. They increase their size and divide further into two organelles.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"extracellular-vesicles\">Extracellular vesicles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Scientists researched over many to specify some of the functions of the extracellular vesicles. <\/li><li>These vesicles are present outside the cells and are important for communicating one cell with another, as the quorum sensing in bacteria. <\/li><li>They also carry material from one cell to another.<\/li><li>More research is needed to understand their complete functions and the reasons for their formation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"final-words\">Final Words<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vesicles are important for the survival of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. They are needed for every system of the body. Four main vesicles within the cells are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Transport vesicles<\/li><li>Secretory vesicles<\/li><li>Lysosomes<\/li><li>Extracellular vesicles<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Certain functions are specified for each type of vesicle and are crucial for the cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1642529621436\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q1. What is the result of the failure of vesicles?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>If the vesicles fail to perform their functions accurately, there will be a loss of various activities of the cells that may lead to cell death. For example, in the absence of lysosomes, there will be the depletion of nutrients in the cell.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1644557308864\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q2. What is the size of extracellular vesicles?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>These are small vesicles enclosed within the lipid bilayer. Their size varies from 30 to 10,000 nm in diameter.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1644557353488\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q3. How are vesicles produced in the prokaryotic cells?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The membrane-bounded organelles are absent in the prokaryotic cells. Vesicles are formed by the endocytosis of cell membrane in prokaryotes.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1644557366976\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Q4. What are the major functions performed by vesicles?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The major functions of vesicles are:<br \/>1. Transport of substances<br \/>2. Regulation of metabolism and biochemical pathways<br \/>3. Balance of osmotic pressure of the cells<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li><em>https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/vesicle#summary&nbsp;<\/em><\/li><li><em>https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/vesicles-structure-types-and-functions\/&nbsp;<\/em><\/li><li><em>https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK9930\/&nbsp;<\/em><\/li><li><em>Alberts, Bruce, Johnson, Alexander, Lewis, Julian, Raff, Martin, Roberts, Keith, and Walter, Peter (2008). Molecular Biology of the Cell (Fifth Edition), (Garland Science, New York), p. 789<\/em><\/li><li><em>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vesicle_(biology_and_chemistry)&nbsp;<\/em><\/li><li><em>https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-65826-z&nbsp;<\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vesicles are small sacs like a bubble that contains material that is further transported to different parts of the cells and outside the cell. They perform various functions that are important for the survival of the cells. Vesicles are present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.&nbsp; These structures mostly originate from the Golgi apparatus and&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[167],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6884"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6884"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6884\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}