{"id":5105,"date":"2021-06-24T17:05:29","date_gmt":"2021-06-24T17:05:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/?p=5105"},"modified":"2022-03-07T19:58:55","modified_gmt":"2022-03-07T19:58:55","slug":"wrights-stain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wrights-stain\/","title":{"rendered":"Wright&#8217;s Stain &#8211; Procedure, Principle, Components, Uses and Blood smear"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Wright\u2019s stain is one of commonly performed staining methods that was derived from Romanowsky Stain; used to stain peripheral blood smears. Through Wright&#8217;s Staining, different blood cell types can be differentiated properly.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-content-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);background-color:#ecf2f7;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-contents-title-wrap{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-contents-title{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-table-of-content-wrap .kb-table-of-content-list{font-weight:regular;font-style:normal;margin-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}.kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-basiccircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-arrowcircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:after, .kb-table-of-content-nav.kb-table-of-content-id6113_3b9ebd-8c .kb-toggle-icon-style-xclosecircle .kb-table-of-contents-icon-trigger:before{background-color:#ecf2f7;}<\/style>\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Among other uses and advantages are:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Staining urine samples<\/li><li>Bone marrow aspirate staining<\/li><li>To check the blood smears for the presence of malarial parasites<\/li><li>It is used to stain chromosomes to diagnose various diseases, infections, and syndromes such as leukemia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>The man behind Wright&#8217;s Stain is James Homer Wright. He was the man who modified the process used in Romanowsky Stain.<\/p><p>In 1902, Wright&#8217;s stain became an official laboratory procedure, especially in differentiating white blood cell counts, which is an integral component of evaluating blood cell morphology.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/A-microscopic-image-of-cell-using-Wrights-stain-staining-technique..jpg\" alt=\"A microscopic image of cell using Wright\u2019s stain staining technique.\" class=\"wp-image-5117\" width=\"400\" height=\"322\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">(A microscopic image of cell using Wright\u2019s stain staining technique.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the principle of Wright&#8217;s Stain?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>It is a staining procedure polychromatic in nature consist of Methylene blue and eosin mixture.<\/li><li>It is methanol-based, which means it won&#8217;t need fixation step before staining.<\/li><li>Fixation can do many things, such as reducing water artifacts that may take place on sunny weather or with aged stains.<\/li><li>What methanol does is it ensures the cells attache to the slide.<\/li><li>There are two types of dyes used in Wright&#8217;s stain; one is anion dye in the form of Eosin Y, and the other is a cationic dye in the form of methylene blue.<\/li><li>Buffered water is used to dilute the solution, which triggers the process of ionization.<\/li><li>Eosin is the one that stains primary components like granules of hemoglobin and eosinophilic, changing the color from orange to pink.<\/li><li>The cellular components classified as acidic are stained with Methylene blue such as nucleic acid and basophilic granules in blue.<\/li><li>For cell&#8217;s neutral components, they are stained by dye&#8217;s components of varying colors.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the reagents used?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You can buy the dye in powder form and mix it to methanol or readily available solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The staining solution consists of <strong>1.0 gram Wright&#8217;s stain powder<\/strong> and <strong>400 ml methanol (water-free)<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Phosphate buffer<\/strong> (pH 6.5\/ 6.8, 0.15 M) \u2013 The phosphate buffer consists of <strong>0.663 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate<\/strong> (anhydrous) <strong>0.256 grams disodium hydrogen phosphate<\/strong> (anhydrous), and <strong>100 ml distilled water<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wright&#8217;s stain procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Begin the procedure with the fixative step. Dip the slide in methanol for a few seconds and ensure that it dries up completely.<\/li><li>Once the smear is air-dried completely, place it on the slide staining rack and apply 1 ml of Wright&#8217;s stain solution for about 3 minutes.<\/li><li>Once all set, the next step is to add the buffer solution (phosphate) with a pH of 6.5 or exact 2 ml of distilled water.<\/li><li>Allow it to stand twice for at least three minutes.<\/li><li>Using water, rinse the stained smear, ensuring the pH level of the rinsing agent is 6.5. Thoroughly rinse the stained smear until the edges of the smear turn light pinkish-red.<\/li><li>The underside may have some water stains; wipe it gently, and air dry in a vertical position.<\/li><li>Check the slide under the microscope.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Wright-Stain-Method-proceedure-how-to-make.jpg\" alt=\"Wright's Stain Method proceedure how to make\" class=\"wp-image-5116\" width=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Wright-Stain-Method-proceedure-how-to-make.jpg 864w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Wright-Stain-Method-proceedure-how-to-make-300x195.jpg 300w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Wright-Stain-Method-proceedure-how-to-make-768x500.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpreting Results<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Erythrocyte<\/strong> \u2013 The color turns yellowish to red.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Neutrophils<\/strong> \u2013 The result varies depending on the specific location, such as the following:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Granules \u2013 reddish<\/li><li>Nucleus \u2013 dark purple<\/li><li>Cytoplasm \u2013 pale pink<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Eosinophils<\/strong> \u2013 For eosinophils, the following changes in colors are observed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Nucleus \u2013 blue<\/li><li>Cytoplasm \u2013 blue<\/li><li>Granules \u2013 red to orange<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Basophils<\/strong> \u2013 For basophils, the following changes in colors can be observed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Nucleus \u2013 Purple to dark blue<\/li><li>Granules \u2013 Dark purple<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Monocytes<\/strong> \u2013 These changes in color are observed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Nucleus \u2013 dark purple<\/li><li>Cytoplasm \u2013 Mosaic pink and blue<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lymphocytes<\/strong> \u2013 These changes in color are evident:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Nucleus \u2013 dark purple<\/li><li>Cytoplasm \u2013 Sky blue<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Platelets<\/strong> \u2013 The granules appear violet to purple<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5119 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Wrights-Stain-blood-smear.jpg\" alt=\"Wright Stain blood smear\" width=\"577\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Wrights-Stain-blood-smear.jpg 730w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Wrights-Stain-blood-smear-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 577px) 100vw, 577px\" \/><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How long does Wright&#8217;s stain last?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Wright&#8217;s stain can last for up to 52 weeks from the manufacturing date provided stored the right way.<\/li><li>It should be stored at room temperature away from direct rays of the sun.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How is Wright&#8217;s stain similar and different from Giemsa Stain?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Wright&#8217;s stain procedure is different from other procedures because the process involves an air-dried blood film where Wright&#8217;s stain is applied and allows to dry for three minutes.<\/li><li>Then, an equal amount of buffer is applied, mixed, and left for approximately five minutes.<\/li><li>The slide is held in a horizontal manner and rinsed using distilled water.<\/li><li>Once completely dried, the slide is examined under the microscope.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/difference-between-Wrights-stain-and-Giemsa-Stain.jpg\" alt=\"difference between Wright's stain and Giemsa Stain\" class=\"wp-image-5118\" width=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/difference-between-Wrights-stain-and-Giemsa-Stain.jpg 887w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/difference-between-Wrights-stain-and-Giemsa-Stain-300x151.jpg 300w, https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/difference-between-Wrights-stain-and-Giemsa-Stain-768x385.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 887px) 100vw, 887px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">A microscopic image showing the blood films showing the various developmental stages of malaria (plasmodium falciparum) difference between Wright\u2019s stain and Giemsa stain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How is Wright&#8217;s stain similar to Giemsa&#8217;s stain?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>They both consist of essential components such as eosin Y, oxidized methylene blue, and azure B dyes.<\/li><li>They are both used for differential staining.<\/li><li>They are both essential in performing differential white blood cell counts, especially in red blood cells&#8217; morphology study.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the differences between Wright&#8217;s stain and Giemsa Stain?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although Wright&#8217;s stain and Giemsa stain are both differential staining and alike in many ways, they have differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, Giemsa stain is primarily used for bacterial cell and human cell staining, while Wright&#8217;s stain is primarily used for differentiating bone marrow aspirate, blood smears, and urine samples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fafafa\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Point of comparison\u00a0<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Similarities&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Differences&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Wright\u2019s stain\u00a0<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; Has eosin Y, oxidized methylene blue, and azure B dyes<br>&#8211; used for differential staining<br>&#8211; used for white blood cell count<br>&#8211; used for red blood cell morphology study<\/td><td>Primarily used for the following:<br><br>&#8211; Bone marrow aspirate<br>&#8211; Blood smears<br>&#8211; Urine samples<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Giemsa Stain\u00a0<\/strong><\/td><td>&#8211; Has eosin Y, oxidized methylene blue, and azure B dyes<br>&#8211; used for differential staining<br>&#8211; used for white blood cell count<br>&#8211; used for red blood cell morphology study<\/td><td>Primarily used for bacterial cell and human cell staining.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>There are different types of staining methods used in a laboratory setting. Such methods are an integral part of microscopic studies as they can significantly enhance the contrast of microscopic images. <\/li><li>Wright&#8217;s stain is a sub-type of Romanowsky stain primarily involved in differential studies of white blood cell count and red blood cell morphology.<\/li><li>Since it is derived from Romanowsky stain, you can expect to use the typical components like eosin Y, oxidized methylene blue, and azure B dyes. <\/li><li>When it comes to differentiating components of blood smears, bone marrow aspirates, and urine samples, Wright&#8217;s Stain is the laboratory procedure of choice. <\/li><li>It is essentially useful in blood cell type differentiation, especially in distinguishing various types of blood cells. Through Wright&#8217;s stain, infections can be observed and detected by observing white blood cell counts. <\/li><li>Staining using Wright&#8217;s stain has been one of the most useful staining procedures.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wright\u2019s stain is one of commonly performed staining methods that was derived from Romanowsky Stain; used to stain peripheral blood smears. Through Wright&#8217;s Staining, different blood cell types can be differentiated properly. Among other uses and advantages are: Staining urine samples Bone marrow aspirate staining To check the blood smears for the presence of malarial&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5105"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5105"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5105\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5105"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5105"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/laboratoryinfo.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5105"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}